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Soziologie

Kinderarmut

Die Kinderarmut in Industrienationen wie Deutschland hat viele Gesichter. In Deutschland und anderen Industrienationen wendet man den Armutsbegriff der relativen Armut an. Relative Armut oder auch relative Einkommensarmut liegt dann vor, wenn ein Haushalt weniger als 60 % des Äquivalenzeinkommens zur Verfügung hat. 

Jedoch ist zu beachten, dass sich Kinderarmut nicht nur in der Dimension des geringen Materiellen Wohlstands zeigt. Kinderarmut zeigt sich auf vielen anderen Ebenen in ihrem Leben und beeinflusst ihre Lebensgestaltung maßgeblich. 

Zu einem ist das soziale Leben der von Kinderarmut betroffenen Kindern meist erheblich eingeschränkt. So kann ein Kind das in relativer Armut lebt z.B. nicht mit den  Freunden ins Schwimmbad gehen oder an anderen Freizeitaktivitäten teilnehmen, weil diese meistens finanzielle Mittel nötig machen, welche von den betroffenen Eltern nicht getragen werden können. Dies wirkt sich somit unmittelbar aus und führt zu einem Mangel in sozialer Teilhabe. So ist zum Beispiel in Österreich ca. jedes fünfte Kind von diesem Mangel an sozialer Teilhabe betroffen. (Vgl. RABINOWICH) 

Scharm und schwierige Verhältnisse

Viele Kinder sowie Erwachsene schämen sich für ihre Armut und nehmen ihre Situation meist als äußerst unangenehm wahr. Vielleicht auch dieser Tatsache geschuldet wird Kinderarmut in der Gesellschaft kaum wahrgenommen. Teilweise werden große Mühe darauf verwendet materielle Engpässe möglichst lange Geheim zuhalten und diese nicht offensichtlich werden zu lassen. 

Außerdem fällt auf, dass Kinder die in prekären materiellen sowie schwierigen sozialen Verhältnissen aufwachen deutlich häufiger Krank werden wie Kinder die in besseren Verhältnissen leben. Im vergleich zu anderen Gleichaltrigen haben sie deutlich schlechtere Chancen für ihre Entwicklung sowie das spätere Leben. Leider gestaltet es sich oft sehr schwierig der Armut in die man reingeboren wurde zu entkommen. Arme Kinder bleiben somit meist auch als Erwachsene arm. (vgl. RABINOWICH) 

Eigene denken vielleicht, dass dies nur auf ärmere Länder sich bezieht jedoch zieht sich dies durch ganz Europa, unabhängig von dem Wohlstand eines Landes. 

UN-Kinderrechtskonvention

In der UN-Kinderrechtskonventionen wurden vor über 30 Jahren die Rechte der Kinder festgeschrieben. So wird zum Beispiel durch Artikel 28 das Recht auf Verwirklichung der eigenen Person sowie Bildung, beides soll auf der Grundlage der Chancengleichheit passieren. Auch Artikel 31 ist in diesem Zusammenhang interessant, das Kind bzw. der Jugendliche soll die Möglichkeit zur Teilnahme am kulturellen und sozialen Leben und Aktivitäten haben. Zudem steht das Recht auf Ruhe und Erholung hier im Vordergrund (vgl. RABINOWICH).

Gerade auch diese Erholung und Ruhe ist schwer zu bekommen, wenn Familien mit wenigen Ressourcen und materiellen Möglichkeiten in einer sehr beengten Wohnung leben. Die betroffenen Kinder müssen sich womöglich noch mit mehreren Geschwistern unterschiedlichsten Alters ein Zimmer teilen.

Für die “Vererbung” der Armut sowie die soziokulturellen Verhältnisse in die nächste Generation ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit sehr hoch. Um sich aus diesen Verhältnissen von alleine im Erwachsenenleben aus der ehemaligen Kinderarmut heraus zu kämpfen, da eine durchlässigkeit kaum gegeben ist. 

Trotzdem das Familien und auch die Kinder sich bemühen ihre Armut geheim zu halten und möglichst nicht offen nach außen zu zeigen, wäre es gesellschaftlich wichtig Kinderarmut ernst zu nehmen und wahrzunehmen und vor allen dingen die Betroffenen nicht zu verurteilen. Wichtig ist zu beachten das gerade die Kinder nichts für die Lage können. Somit sollte man diese besonders auch von politischer Seite mehr unterstützen sollte. 

Quelle: https://www.zeit.de/2020/06/kinderarmut-oesterreich-soziale-nachteile-unterschicht Autor: Julya Rabinowich

9.344 Antworten auf „Kinderarmut“

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